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Cancer Detection and Prevention Volume 23 / Issue 1 (Jan-Feb 1999)Table of Contents and Editor's NotesThe peer review process occasionally results in approval of controversial publications that do not necessarily reflect the viewpoint of the editors. Readers of the journal are encouraged to critically review and comment on presented data by submitting a "Letter to the Editor" that may be reprinted in a subsequent issue. Tumor Necrosis Factor Mutants with Selective Cytotoxic ActivityCompared with wild-type TNF-α on human monoblastoid leukemia cells with mainly TNF-R75 expression, the TNF mutants A33S and R32H were selective for TNF-R55 with significantly reduced cytotoxicity. The double mutant R32H-F144L with the higher level of selectivity for TNF-R75 largely retained cytotoxic activity. >>> p53 Protein Overexpression and Gene Mutation in Mixed Müllerian Tumors of the UterusNucelar overexpression of p53 protein was observed in 12 of 24 cases of uterine mixed Mullerian tumors (MMT). Mutation of the p53 gene was detected in 11 of 24 cases and concordance between p53 overexpression and mutation was observed in 13 of 24 cases of uterine MMT. There was no significant association between patient survival and either p53 overexpression or gene mutation. >>> The Effect of Vaginal Microbes on in Vivo and in Vitro Expression of Human Papillomavirus 16 E6-E7 GenesSpecific vaginal bacteria associated with either CIN or normal cervical histology did not appear to influence the quantitative changes of human HPV16E6*1 and E6*11 expression in vivo and in vitro. >>> A Study of the Relationship Between Family History of Breast Cancer and Knowledge of Breast Cancer Genetic Testing PrerequisitesAwareness of genetic testing for breast cancer risk assessment was significantly linked to family history of breast cancer, increasing from 35% among those with no family history to 67% in the group with the strongest family history. >>> Perimenopausal Weight Gain and Progression of Breast Cancer PrecursorsExcess weight in obese postmenopausal women with breast cancer was likely gained before menopause. Abdominal accumulation of fat as a result of hyperinsulinemic insulin resistance may be associated with genetic susceptibility and increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. >>> Alcohol as an Additional Risk Factor in Laryngopharyngeal Cancer in Mumbai - A Case Control Study'Bidi'* smokers who smoked 31 times or more per day had a 12-fold risk for cancer of the oropharynx, an 8-fold risk for hypopharyngeal and a 4-fold risk for laryngeal cancer. Alcohol consumption once a day showed a two-fold risk of pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. *[Editor's note - Indian imported 'bidi' are half the diameter of regular cigarettes are hand-rolled in Indian ebony leaves, and contain up to 8% nicotine - versus 1-2% nicotine in American cigarettes]. >>> Immunophenotypic Analysis of Normal Mucosa and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral CavityIn peritumoral mucosa of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) p53 immunopositivity was observed in 72% of dysplastic and in 73% of adjacent normal oral epithelium irrespective of the immunophenotype of the tumor. A statistically highly significant reduction in the adhesion molecule CD44 was observed in tumor-adjacent dysplastic mucosa and in primary OSCCs compared with normal mucosa. >>> The Prognostic Value of Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Adenomas Assessed with Tritiated Thymidine and Anti-Proliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenThe thymidine labeling index (T-LI) was above the median value in 68.75% of 16 patients with recurrent colorectal adenomas (Group A) against 40% of 30 patients free of recurrent adenomas (Group B). The anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen index was above the median level in 87.5 % of patients in Group A against 20% of patients in Group B. >>> Preparation of a Diagnostic Antigen of Human Melanoma Based on Lymphocyte Activation as Measured by Intracellular Fluorescein Fluorescence PolarizationPeripheral blood lymphocytes of melanoma patients showed a significant response from stimulation with human lymphocyte activation melanoma antigen (LAMA) while little response was observed after incubation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Conversely, lymphocytes from healthy donors showed a significant response with PHA, while either no effect or negative responses were observed with LAMA. Melanoma specificity was evident from a relatively low response to both LAMA and PHA in lymphocytes from patients with breast, colon and lung cancer. >>> Targeting Tumors with Iodine-123 Labeled Deoxyuridine: Distribution and DNA BindingIn nude mice bearing human colorectal carcinoma injected intravenously with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (I-123-iUdR). The radioactivity after three hours was more than 1% in most tissues, 7+/- 1.1% in the thyroid, 3.8 +/- 0.8% in the intestine, 2.9 +/- 1.5% in blood, 1.9 +/- 0.8% in the kidney and 1.8 +/- 0.8% in lung tissue. Authors suggest evaluation of tumor proliferation for assessment of tumor growth, potential grade of malignancy, and prognosis of patients. >>> CaDet, A Computer-Based Clinical Decision Support System for Early Cancer DetectionA computerized system (CaDet) of epidemiological data, risk factors for cancer sites, physical signs and related symptoms was designed as an aid for primary care physicians. Retrospective assessment revealed 82% of cases in which the tumor may have elicited physicians attention prior to diagnosis. In a prospective evaluation of 60 consecutive seemingly healthy subject CaDet led to detection of 2 patients with cancer of the colon and 1 with prostate carcinoma. Six other patients had no malignant pathology. >>>
Herbert E. Nieburgs, MD |
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